一、term
forward genetic strategy正向遗传策略
Reverse genetic strategy反向遗传策略
CDS（coding sequence）蛋白质编码序列
synonymous同义突变
missense错义突变
nonsense无义突变=终止突变
readthrough连读突变
insertion插入突变
deletion缺失突变
Replication slippage复制滑移
Insertional mutagenesis插入诱变
Transposable elements转座子
genetic map (遗传图谱)
Linkage analysis连锁分析
RFLP, Restriction frangment length polymorphisms限制性片段长度多态性
Codon bias密码子偏好
SSLP: Simple Sequence Length Polymorphism (=SSR, Simple sequence repeat)简单序列长度多态性，用的Microsatellite DNA
STS: Sequence Tagged Site序列标签位点
CAPS:Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequence切割的扩增多态性
Proteomics蛋白组学
TILLING (Targeted Induced Local Lesions in Genomes)定向诱导基因组局部突变
ISOTOPE-CODED AFFINITY TAG (ICAT):同位素编码亲和标签
二
3 methods to clone the insertion site：Inverse PCR反向PCR、TAIL-PCR热不对称嵌套PCR、Plasmid rescue质粒拯救
三、反向遗传学方法
（一）基因功能获得
Overexpression using strong promoters
- 35S，Ubiquitin promoter。
Increase copy number
- tandem repeat.
（二）功能缺失
1.Gene specific knockout (基因敲除)，Site- directed mutagenesis(定点突变)
2.Screen mutant of specific gene from library
3.RNA interfering
4.Antisense RNA
5.TALLEN; CRISPR
四、Proteomics蛋白组学
（一）Gel-based
The typical flow of gel-based proteomics (2DE & MS)
– Sample preparation
– First-dimension isoelectric focusing (IEF)
– Second-dimension SDS-PAGE
– Visualization & evaluation – Expression analysis
– Protein identification by MS
（二）Yeast two-hybrid system