一、Term
PTGS：post-transcriptional gene silencing转录后基因沉默（caused by dsRNA）
Rdrp: RNA dependent RNA Polymerase RNA依赖的RNA聚合酶
RISC: RNA Induced Silencing Complex：RNA诱导的沉默复合体
VIGS: Virus-induced gene silencing病毒诱导的基因沉默
RNAi : RNA interference（RNA干扰）The phenomenon of gene silencing caused by dsRNA
SiRNA : Small interfering RNA小干扰RNA
miRNA : MicroRNA小RNA（是ssRNA，相比siRNA，能够knock down基因的表达）
LncRNA : Long non-coding RNA长非编码RNA
二、
三、RNAi的应用
- To protect the genome from viruses (or other invading DNAs or RNAs)
- Antiviral Defense抗病毒
- Suppress Transposon Activity 抑制转座子
- Response to Aberrant RNAs响应异常RNAs
- Genetic tool: Probing Gene Function探测基因功能
- Gene therapy基因治疗: Combat Viral Infection对抗病毒感染; Treat Genetic Diseases (New expression strategies)治疗遗传病
四、RNAi的优点和缺点
Advantages
- gene specific特异性强
- High gene silencing efficiency高效基因沉默
- Screening targeted plants takes less time耗时短
- Highly inducible高度诱导 (heat shock gene promoter)
- Fast速度快
Disadvantages
- It does not knockout a gene for 100%
- siRNA tends to activate unwanted pathways
- -Expensive
- -Ethical problems