A brief timeline for RNA study
- 1869年核酸发现，今年是核酸发现155周年
- Ribosome, RNA chromatin 1948
- mRNA 1961
- Split gene 1977
- Catalytic RNA 1982
- H19 & RNA world 1989
- Xist 1990
- miRNA 1993
- raX gene dosage 1997
- chr22 1999
- Human genome 2001
- Pervasive transcription, HP1-RNA 2002
- PRC1/RNA, piRNA 2006
- HOTAIR & PRC2 interact 2007
- Chromatin state maps 2008
- LincRNAs, PRC2 2009
- Enhancer RNAs 2010
- Global interactions functional screening 2011
RNA调控蕴含重要规律，是生命科学研究的重要领域
小RNA、非编码RNA：存储信息、传输信息、执行功能
生物学核心理论“中心法则”：在RNA研究的推进下不断革新
The RNA world hypothesis
Protein synthesis is catalyzed by RNA
突破性RNA基础研究促使新型RNA疗法和药物的不断产生
助力农业发展
RNA研究概论&转录调控
Variety of canonical and noncanonical RNA species were identified in recent years
RNA ploymerase
- 1: rRNA
- 2: protein-coding genes, snoRNA, snRNA, major miRNA
- 3: tRNA, 5s rRNA, some snRNA, miRNA
transcriptional pause-release regulates gene expression
转录是非常低效的：只有1%的转录最后会成功
transcription requires a complex transcription machinery
enhancer可以作为重要的药物靶点。例如抑制癌细胞的增强子。knockout is global, 但是效果是特异的。
Pause release是重要的调控步骤。
TF都是general transcription factor
tissue specific TF, 锌指结构
DNA-binding motifs
TFs form complex regulatory loops
TF phase-phase separation
identification of TF binding sites by chromatin immunoprecipition ChIP
CUT&Tag for epigenomic profiling
superenhancer：和mediator结合的区域长且强。对基因表达的影响大
P53 pathway is mutated in cancer
TF in reprogramming
诱导多能干细胞
cell lineage specific TF in transdifferentiation
identification of protein binding partners by Yeast 2-hybrid system
RNA or small molecular binding partners by Yeast 3 hybrid system
Transcriptional control by CRISPR