biophysical methods
- structural methods
- spectroscopic methods
- UV-Vis spectroscopic
- Circular Dichroism (CD) spectroscopic
- Fluorescence spectroscopic
- Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic
- microscopy
- confocal microscopy
- atomic force microscopy (AFM)
- fluorescence microscopy
- super-resolution microscopy
- single-molecule
- single-molecular FRET (smFRET)
- Optical tweezers
- magnetic tweezers
- hydrodynamic&thermodynamic methods
- Analytical Ultracentrifugation (AUC)
- Isothermal Titration Calorimetry ITC
- Surface Plasmon Resonance SPR
- DLS
- MALS
- molecular dynamics and simulations
- molecular dynamics (MD) simulations
- monte carlo simulations
- quantum mechanics / molecular mechanics (QM / MM)
SAXS (Small-Angle X-ray Scattering)
- 分辨率低，主要分析size、shape、conformational changes
- 可以直接在溶液中做，不需要标记
- 与cryoEM和Xray互补
CD 圆二色谱
- 检测蛋白二级结构
- probe protein stability (temperature, denaturant, etc.)
Analytical Ultracentrifugation (AUC)
- 低浓度，可在原溶剂下分析，准确率高
- 根据沉降速度
Multi-Angle Light Scattering (MALS)
- SEC-MALS